Different Roles for Matrix Metalloproteinase‐2 and Matrix Metalloproteinase‐9 in the Pathogenesis of Cardiac Allograft Rejection

Matricellular proteins and matrix metalloproteinases mark the inflammatory and fibrotic response in human cardiac allograft rejection

AIMS The cardiac extracellular matrix is highly involved in regulating inflammation, remodelling, and function of the heart. Whether matrix alterations relate to the degree of inflammation, fibrosis, and overall rejection in the human transplanted heart remained, until now, unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Expression of matricellular proteins, proteoglycans, and metalloproteinases (MMPs) and thei...

determinant of the hankel matrix with binomial entries

abstract in this thesis at first we comput the determinant of hankel matrix with enteries a_k (x)=?_(m=0)^k??((2k+2-m)¦(k-m)) x^m ? by using a new operator, ? and by writing and solving differential equation of order two at points x=2 and x=-2 . also we show that this determinant under k-binomial transformation is invariant.

B cell-mediated antigen presentation is required for the pathogenesis of acute cardiac allograft rejection.

Acute allograft rejection requires the activation of alloreactive CD4 T cells. Despite the capacity of B cells to act as potent APCs capable of activating CD4 T cells in vivo, their role in the progression of acute allograft rejection was unclear. To determine the contribution of B cell APC function in alloimmunity, we engineered mice with a targeted deficiency of MHC class II-mediated Ag prese...

Cardiac Allograft Rejection Required for the Pathogenesis of Acute B Cell-Mediated Antigen Presentation Is

Antibody Mediated Rejection of the Cardiac Allograft

Antibody mediated rejection (AMR), also known as B-cell mediated rejection or humoral rejection, of the cardiac allograft was first clinically described in the late 1980’s (Herskowitz et al., 1987) followed shortly thereafter by pathologic evidence to support a unique rejection process apart from cellular mechanisms (Hammond et al., 1989). This is in contrast to the progression of knowledge reg...